Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Symptoms, Treatments, and Prevention

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects countless women worldwide. Despite its prevalence, many women may not seek medical advice due to embarrassment or a lack of awareness. This blog aims to shed light on the symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures for POP, empowering women to take charge of their pelvic health. With expert guidance from Dr. Sunita Arora, a leading gynaecologist dedicated to women’s health, managing POP is achievable and straightforward.

Understanding Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues become weakened or damaged. This causes one or more pelvic organs—such as the bladder, uterus, rectum, or vagina—to descend or bulge into the vaginal canal.

This condition is often associated with childbirth, menopause, and ageing, but it can affect women of all ages. While POP is not life-threatening, it can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The symptoms of POP can vary depending on its severity and the specific organs involved. Some women may experience mild symptoms, while others may face more pronounced challenges. Common symptoms include:

• Pelvic Pressure: A feeling of heaviness or fullness in the lower abdomen.
• Visible Bulge: A protrusion or bulge at the vaginal opening that may become more noticeable after physical activity.
• Urinary Problems: Difficulty emptying the bladder, frequent urination, or urinary leakage.
• Bowel Issues: Constipation, difficulty passing stools, or the sensation of incomplete bowel movements.
• Sexual Discomfort: Pain during intercourse or reduced sexual satisfaction.
• Lower Back Pain: Persistent pain in the lower back, often linked to pelvic strain.

If you notice any of these symptoms, consulting a specialist like Dr. Sunita Arora can help identify the root cause and provide tailored solutions.

Causes and Risk Factors

Pelvic organ prolapse is primarily caused by a weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues. Key risk factors include:

1. Childbirth: Vaginal deliveries, especially those involving large babies or prolonged labour, can stretch and weaken pelvic tissues.
2. Menopause: Declining oestrogen levels reduce tissue elasticity and strength.
3. Ageing: The natural ageing process contributes to the weakening of muscles and connective tissues.
4. Obesity: Excess weight places additional pressure on the pelvic floor.
5. Chronic Straining: Repeated straining due to constipation or heavy lifting can weaken pelvic support.
6. Surgery: Previous pelvic surgeries, such as a hysterectomy, may increase the risk of prolapse.
7. Genetics: A family history of POP can make women more susceptible.

Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The treatment for POP depends on its severity, the affected organs, and the patient’s overall health and lifestyle. A personalised treatment plan, like those provided by Dr. Sunita Arora, ensures the best outcomes.

1. Lifestyle Modifications

Simple lifestyle changes can help manage mild cases of POP or prevent its progression.

• Weight Management: Losing excess weight can reduce pressure on the pelvic floor.
• Avoid Straining: Prevent constipation by consuming a high-fibre diet and staying hydrated.
• Limit Heavy Lifting: Avoid activities that strain the pelvic muscles.

2. Pelvic Floor Exercises

Also known as Kegel exercises, these strengthen the pelvic muscles, providing better support for the organs. Regular practice can improve mild to moderate prolapse and prevent further deterioration.

3. Vaginal Pessaries

A pessary is a removable device inserted into the vagina to support the prolapsed organ. This non-surgical option is ideal for women seeking immediate symptom relief or those who cannot undergo surgery.

4. Hormone Therapy

Postmenopausal women may benefit from oestrogen therapy, which improves the strength and elasticity of the vaginal tissues.

5. Surgical Options

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required. Dr. Sunita Arora offers advanced surgical techniques to restore pelvic support, including:

• Reconstructive Surgery: Repairs the weakened tissues to reposition the organs.
• Hysterectomy: Involves removing the uterus if it is prolapsed and causing significant symptoms.
• Minimally Invasive Procedures: Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgeries for faster recovery and reduced risk.

Preventing Pelvic Organ Prolapse

While not all cases of POP can be prevented, adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce your risk.

1. Strengthen Your Pelvic Floor

• Perform Kegel exercises daily to maintain muscle tone.
• Consult a pelvic floor physiotherapist for guidance on tailored exercises.

2. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Excess weight can strain the pelvic floor. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet help keep your weight in check.

3. Manage Chronic Conditions

Address chronic coughing, constipation, or any condition that increases abdominal pressure.

4. Practice Safe Lifting Techniques

When lifting heavy objects, engage your core muscles and avoid straining the pelvic floor.

5. Postpartum Recovery

After childbirth, allow your body to heal and follow your doctor’s recommendations for pelvic floor rehabilitation.

When to See a Specialist

If you experience any symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse or discomfort affecting your daily life, it’s time to seek professional advice. Early intervention not only improves outcomes but also prevents the condition from worsening.

Conclusion

Pelvic organ prolapse is a manageable condition that doesn’t have to diminish your quality of life. By recognising the symptoms, exploring effective treatments, and adopting preventive measures, you can take control of your pelvic health.

For expert care and compassionate support, trust Dr. Sunita Arora. With her extensive knowledge and dedication to women’s health, Dr. Arora is here to guide you on the path to recovery and wellness.

Take the first step towards better pelvic health—schedule your consultation with Dr. Sunita Arora today.